shfn¨w sNmcnbp¶
hgnIm«n |
ss{IkvXh aX-ta-J-e-bn ASp-¯-bnsS
cv amÀ¤-ZÀi-I-
§fmb kw`-h-§Ä Dmbn : A`n-hµy hÀ¡n-]n-Xm-hnsâ
CS-bte-J-\-hpw, tIcf hnI-k\s¯ {][m\ NÀ¨mhnj-b-am-¡p¶
e¯o³ kt½-f-\-hpw. cpw km[mcW P\-§-fpsS
Pohn-X-¯nÂ
KpW-]-c-amb amä-ap-m-¡m³ t]m¶-h-bm-Wv. |
| P\Iobamb CSbteJ\w |
| 2 {]XnIcW§Ä {i²n¡mw. BZyt¯Xv
]me¡mSv Im¯enIv AtÊmkntbjtâXmWv. kotdm ae_mÀ
k`m taPÀ BÀ¨v _nj¸v amÀ hÀ¡n
hnXb¯n CSbteJ-\-¯n-eqsS ]pds¸Sphn¨ kn\Uv
\nÀt±i§Ä ss{IkvXh hnZym`ymk Øm]\§fnÂ
ASnb´cambn \S¸m¡Wsa¶v ]me¡mSv Im¯enIv
Atkmkntbj³ P\d t_mUntbmKw Bhiys¸«p (amXr`qan
]{Xw, Unkw.18,t]Pv 13). |
| ASp¯Xv kXyZo]¯n\pÅ I¯pIfnsem¶mWv:
CSbteJ\w Cd¡p¶Xn\p ]Icw k`m[nImcnIÄ kz´w Øm]\§fnse
Xehcnbpw kw`mh\bpw AgnaXnbpw \nÀ¯em¡m³ _Ôs¸«htcmSv
\nÀ_Ôn¨m \¶mbncp ¶p (kXyZo]w, P\hcn
11, t]Pv 3). |
| 2 {]XnIcW§fpw It¯men¡cnse kmam\yP\m`n
{]mbs¯ {]Xn\n[oIcn¡p¶p. IqSmsX aebmf¯nse {]apJ
]{X§sfÃmw CSbteJ\¯nse \ne]mSpIsf {]iwkn¨p sImv
hmÀ¯ {]kn²oIcn¨p. C{Xb[nIw P\]n´pWbpw am[ya
{]iwkbpw In«nb CSbteJ\¯nsâ DÅS¡w F´mbncp¶p? |
| kotdm ae_mÀ k`bpsS kn\Uv \nÀt±in¨X\pkn¨mWv
t{ijvT sa{Xmt¸meo¯m k`bv¡p apgph\pambn CSbteJ\w FgpXnbXv
(FdWmIpfw anÊw, Unkw, t]Pv 544). hnZym`ymk |
| cwKs¯¡pdn¨pÅ k`bpsS B`napJy§fpw
\ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zyw. ]mh-s¸-«-h-tcmSv k` ]peÀt¯
{]tXyI ]cnKW \bmWv CSbteJ\¯nse Gähpw {][m\ Imcyw (t]Pv 546):
]mhs¸«hÀ¡v KpW\nehmcapÅ \à hnZym`ymkw
\evIm³ {ian¡Ww; AhÀ¡v s{]m^jW hnZym`ymkw
e`n¡m³ ]änb kmlNcy§fpw kwhn[m\§fpw Dm¡Ww;
]mhs¸«h\pw ]W¡mc\pw cpXcw hnZym`ymksa¶
A\oXn Ahkm\n¸n¡Ww (t]Pv. 545,546,547). |
| hnZymÀ°n {]thi\¯n\pw A[ym]IcpsS
\nba¯n\pw Øm]\¯nsâ \S¯n¸n\pambn
`oaamb XpI CuSm¡p¶ coXn sXämWv. IqSmsX aäp aXØsc
apdns¸Sp¯p¶ H¶pw \½psS Øm]\§fnÂ
DmIcpXv. |
| ta ]dª \nÀt±i§Ä
\S¸nem¡m³ cq]XIfpw k\ymkkaql§fpw ASnb´nc
\S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¨v Bhiyamb hyhØIfpw \b]cn]mSnIfpw cq]oIcn¡m³
hÀ¡n ]nXmhv Iev]n¡p¶p. AXn\pw ]pdsa Hcp ap¶dnbn¸p
IqSn At±lw Xcp¶p. Ch {]tbmK¯n hcp¯nbnsænÂ
k`bpsS hnizmkyX¡v £Xtaev¡pw (t]Pv 549þ550). |
| hnZym`ymkcwKs¯ ss{IkvX-h-km-¶n[yw |
| tUm. kndnbIv tXmakv ImcpWnI\n FgpXnbXv
D²cn¡mw: tIcf¯nsâ kmwkvImcnI aWvUe§fnÂ
k` sNep¯nbn«pÅ kzm[o\w hfscb[nIamWv. 100% km£cX
C¶v kÀ¡mÀ AhImis¸Sp¶ps¦nÂ
AXn 90% k`bpsS k½m\amWv. ]t£, \½psS Major
role s\ C¶v FÃmhcpw XakvIcn¡p¶p (ImcpWnI³,
2005 \hwþ Unkw, 21þ22). |
| {]oþkvIqÄ apXÂ s{]m^jWÂ
hnZymeb§Ä hsc hym]n¨p InS¡p¶XmWv k`bpsS hnZym`ymk
taJe. CXn kzm{ibtaJebpw ]cm{ib taJebpw (FbvUvUvv) Dv.
kzm{ibkvIqfpIÄ Xs¶ ]eXcapv: ]»nIv, dknU³jyÂ,
CBSE, ICSE. CXnsâ XpSÀ¨bmWv D¶X hnZym `ymkcwK¯pÅ
kzm{ibtImtfPpIÄ (saUn¡Â, G©n\nbdnwKv, t\gvknw§v
tImtfPpIÄ apXembh). kotdmþae_mÀ k`bv¡p Xs¶
3821 kvIqfpIfpw 182 tImtfPpIfpw, 581 saUn¡Â Øm]\§fpw,
445 kmt¦XnI hnZym`ymk Øm]\§fpapv. e¯o³,
ae¦c k`IfpsSbpw aäp ss{IkvXh kaql §fpsSbpw IqSn Iq«nbmÂ
F{X hcpw? ChbnseÃmw ]mh§tfmSpÅ {]tXyI ]cnKW\ F{]Imcw
{]tbmK¯nem¡msa¶v NÀ¨ sNbvXv Xocpam\amIWw.
Xocpam\§Ä \S¸nem¡p¶psh¶v Dd¸phcp¯m\pÅ
kwhn[m\apm¡Ww. |
| `cWLS\m t`ZKXn, cmjv{Sob KqVe£y§Ä |
| `cWLS\bpsS 104þmw t`ZKXntbmsS \yq\]£§fpsS
kzm{ib Øm]\ §fn kwhcW koäpIÄ CÃmXmIpIbmWv.
(AUz. tPmkv I®´m\ ¯nsâ teJ\w ImWpI). Cu kmlNcy¯nÂ
A`nhµy hÀ¡n ]nXmhpw kn\Upw \nZÀi\w sN¿p¶
]mh§tfmSpÅ {]tXyI ]cnKW\bpsS {]tbmKnI cq]w kzm{ib Øm]\§fnÂ
\mw \S¸nem¡Ww. \½psS kzm{ib Øm]\§fnÂ
kzta[bm ]nt¶m¡ kwhcWw (F{X iXam\amsW¦nepw) {]Jym]n¡m³
\ap¡mbm Gähpw ^eh¯mb ss{IkvXhkm£yamIpaXv.
Hcp \nb-a-\nÀ_-Ôhpw CsÃ-¦n t]mepw
kmap-ly-\o-Xnbv¡v ss{IkvX-h-Po-hn-X-¯n lrZ-b-Øm-\-am-WtÃm
DÅ-Xv. |
| 104-þmw `cWLS\m t`ZKXnbpsS ]Ým¯e¯nÂ
tIcf¯nse cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«nIÄ s]m¡ns¡mphcm³
t]mIp¶ ASp¯ {]iv\w \yq\]£Øm]\ §fpsS \nÀhN\s¯
kw_Ôn¨ XÀ¡ambncn¡pw. ]mÀ«nIfpsS
lnP³ AP³UIsf _p²n]qÀÆw Xncn¨dnªv
IÀ«\v ]nd-In-epÅ hn«p-ho-gvN-IÄ¡v
apXn-cmsX km-aq-ly-\o-Xn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb [ochpw kpXm-cy-hp-amb
\ne-]m-Sp-IÄ FSp-¡-Ww. Ah P\-a-[y-¯n k`-bpsS
hnizm-kyX hÀ²n-¸n-¡pw. |
| e¯o³ k`bpw tIcf hnIk\hpw |
| tIcf¯nse e¯o³ k`bpsS hmÀjnI
kt½f\¯nse (P\phcn 13þ15) {][m\ NÀ¨m hnjbw
tIcf hnIk\amWv. tIcf¯nse hnIk\w k`bpsS {][m\ AP³UbmsW¶pw,
hnIk\s¯¡pdn¨v {InkvXobamb ZÀi\w km[y-am-sW¶pw,
AXv ASnØm\]cambn am\pjnIZÀi\ambncn¡psa-¶p-apÅ
ktµiamWv Cu NÀ¨ {]Zm\w sN¿p¶Xv. Cu hnjbw
hmÀjnI kt½f\¯nsâ NÀ¨mhnjbambns«Sp¯
e¯o³ k`sb ImcpWnI³ A`n\µn¡p¶p. |
| ]utcmlnXyip{iqjbpsS tbip apJ§Ä |
| CSbteJ\¯neqsSbpw hmÀjnI kt½f\¯nse
NÀ¨bneqsSbpw shfnhmIp¶Xv k`bpsSbpw ]utcmlnXy ip{iqjbpsSbpw
cv tbip apJ§fmWv. aäpÅhÀ¡p thn
Pohn¡pIbpw acn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶XnemWv k`bpsSbpw
]utcmlnXy¯nsâbpw ASnØm\ `mhw AS§nbncn¡p¶Xv.
A§s\ am{Xta tbiphns\ C¶s¯ Ime¯pw Cu kaql¯nepw
kPo-h-\m-¡m³ \ap¡v Ign-bq. |
]{Xm[n]À |
